Wisdom (Metaphysics 2016)
Lecture 6: The Natural Road of Knowledge: From Sensation to Wisdom

Transcript
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I was looking at one of the family albums, there were pictures there, and there was, you know, some articles of my father there, you know, the St. Paul, Minnesota newspaper, and so they described my father and his company and so on and things, and talking about it. And he shares a, with his youngest son, which was in astronomy, right? Well, you know, the Orion is a planet, I mean, a constellation, it's easy to identify, you know, and at that time, I forgot about the belt, I knew the names of the three stars that make up the belt, so my father learned them, right? He went out to lunch with one of his business friends, and his son had come with the other businessman, and his son was a pilot, right? They kept talking about, you know, they do use these stars, even now, for some navigation, right? And they kept talking about Orion, and my father named the stars in the belt, and he did. So it was kind of funny, you know? But I often thought of this in terms of this, right? I couldn't have looked at the stars and the moon, right? I remember another friend of my father's, he had a son who was interested in astronomy, and he had made one of these telescopes, right? Big ones. Yeah, my father's company made the stand for it, and so on. And so we were invited out one night to the observatory, right? And we were going to look at the moon, and that was the plan, you know? And the clouds had covered up the moon, right? So he directed the telescope towards Saturn, right? And I had seen pictures of Saturn with the rings, you know, in books, but I'd never seen it in the flight, so to speak. And it's so impressive when you see those things. Have you ever seen them with it, through a telescope? Not in real life. Yeah, I mean, a big night. I've seen them, but only in a telescope that wasn't very powerful. Yeah, well, this is a pretty powerful telescope. I mean, it was in, right? But all of that would be, what, loss, as well as the sunset it was talking about, right? Right, huh? Mm-hmm. In paintings and so on, right? Somebody told me recently that Proximus and Tauri are very close to Tauri to us. They think that there's a habitable planet, or a planet within an habitable zone. Did you hear about that? Yeah, I heard about that, yeah. It's like, you're definitely a probe. Yeah. Well, at least... Takes too long yet there. Sorry, you're talking about Western Earth. It's starting to get a deal. I'm telling you about this new propulsion system, which doesn't need a mass, you know, a boost mass, so it's super economical, and you can simply get up to velocities that would make it a pretty short trip, you know, for four or five years. It's a pretty short continue. The same world wonders is, like, since the price of gas is going down, it's going to get better. This microwave is actually very cheap. Now, what does he start to do here in the second paragraph, right? He's going to start to talk about the order, right? Here's how it looks before and after, right? And the order in our knowledge, and the order in which you might call the first road in our knowledge, the natural road in our knowledge. He's going to talk about the order in which different kinds of knowledge come along. He says a lot of things besides that, but basically he's going to say that sensing comes first, right? And then in man and in some of the other animals, too, there comes about what? Memory of what you sensed, right? And then out of many memories gathered together of the same sort of thing, there comes about what experience. So experience is further along the road, right? Sensing, memory, experience, right? And then experiencing is very much like science, but out of experience comes a knowledge of the, what? Universal. And that's the beginning of, what? Knowledge of reason that the senses don't attain to, right? So when I talk about the natural road in human knowledge, I go back to the nature of man, right? What is man by nature? An animal that has, what? Reason. Again, to bring my mother into this, as we should know. I'd say man is an animal. She didn't like that. He's saying that. Yeah, I'm lucky to say that to her. And I said, well, he's not just an animal. He's an animal that has reason. Well, that's better, she said. Yeah. It should have been better. But because man is an animal, he has, what? Senses, right? He's not just an animal. He has reason, right? Now, what is generic in a thing? The genus of man is animal, right? The difference is reason. He's a reasonable animal, but in the sense that he has it, he uses it well. But the natural road is from the senses into, what? Reason. Reason, yeah. Now, when you want to study this road, you want to see the order in the road from the senses into reason. And one order to see is the order in which different kinds of knowledge, right, come along this road from the senses into reason. And it's, yeah, it begins with sensing and then memory, right? You remember some of the things you've sensed, and then there arises from bringing together many memories of the same thing, experience, and out of experience there arises, what? Knowledge of the universal, right? And this knowledge of the universal, in part, that Shakespeare's talking about when he says that reason is the ability for a large discourse, right? Reason can discourse about the universal, and that's a large discourse, because the universal is said of many things, in fact, of an infinity of things in many cases, right? So I can talk about odd numbers and even numbers, and I'm pretty smart, and I know no odd numbers and even numbers. And how many numbers am I talking about there? Yeah, yeah, infinity of them, right, in some ways. And from reason knowing the universal, Aristotle was able to reason out that reason must not be the brain, it must not be a body, right? Because when something is received in the continuous, it's received here or there in the continuous, and therefore it's received always is, what, singular or individual, right? So if the thing is received in the reason, not as a singular, but universal, it's not being received in a, what, body, right? And therefore reason that knows the universal, right, is not a, what, body, right? And this leads on to the understanding of the human soul as, what, having an existence that is not completely immersed in the body, right? Because it has an operation, understanding the universal, that is not in the, what, body, right? It's kind of an amazing thing to see that, huh? Now there's other orders to be seen, right, huh? The order I'm talking about here is the order in which different kinds of knowledge, like sensing, memory, experience, knowledge universal, come along this road, right? Another order to be seen is the order in which different things are known along this road, right? And there you begin by saying, you know, the foremost obvious thing is that sensible things are known before things that cannot be sensed. That's why I brought this guy in today, right? Because you might neglect your garden angel or neglect the angels that surround you at mass and so on, huh? That's a magnificent thing. Make yourself familiar with the angels and behold them frequently in spirit because they're material. For without being seen, they are present with you. And the author, St. Francis de Sales, magnificent, magnificent man. Make yourself think about the angels, huh? So, sensible things are known before things that cannot be sensed, right? And you could also say that, therefore, that material things are known before what? Immaterial things, right? This is reflected in the naming of the... act of reason itself right because sometimes you name the act of reason from the act of the eye see right sometimes we name it from the act of the hand grasp some people say i can't get my mind around that can't grasp it right huh you know thomas says the first act of reason is simplex apprehensive simple grasping right okay like i grasp this glass right and why do we name it from something that can be sensed like grasping or seeing yeah or in shakespeare's definition and the latin word there discourse it goes back to what the act of the legs my god what a materialistic mind we've got we have to go back to the legs to name the act of reason right reason runs from this thing to that thing right reason runs from effects to causes or from causes to effects sometimes geometry uh roman juliet now friar lawrence he gives a little bit of advice to a young man in a hurry known as romeo right what does he say wisely and slow they stumble they run fast now i can take that whole sentence right because what are you talking about first of all in those words running up the stairs and you can go into a hurry and you feel right you're very much aware of fact and running up the legs running up the steps too fast right you what stumble right especially old folks you know i'm having old folks you know you're young you know that i see the thing you know old folks you know fall once the areas i don't think the averages are but it doesn't look too good for us so um wisely and slow they stumble run fast the first sentence is the legs right what's the second meaning of that it's human action right you know when it says in the decoration independence within the course of human events right okay and this is probably what the fire lord is not so much concerned with romeo stumbling with his legs right but acting in what haste right i used to hear this proverb you know act in haste repented leisure so that is what the act action but then the third meaning of stumbling would be but the reason itself right and we have a nice saying in english don't jump to conclusions right you're jumping to conclusions and uh you're talking about mind right the reason right the jumping is taken from the lakes too right so wise being slow they stumble to run fast and my chief witness there is the dumb ox right how did the greatest mind perhaps of the church greatest mind history almost right maybe how could he get the name of the rocks yeah wise and slow they stumble to run fast my father when he was a young manager right and the big boss would call him in another young manager right and they had some plans for the company you know what do you think down the desk the other guy he flabbered away what he thought father says let me think about it i'll tell you tomorrow who's advice do you think he followed my father's right huh so eventually my father you know came promotion you know he's always been promoted to some office you know so my mother mother hey when they were first married they were moving around here and there because they they could you know you know and so on so but you know it's the idea of wisely and slow right they stumble then run fast but notice this is because the natural road right first means the legs right it's very sensible right and then action is more sensible than thinking right supplied there right so we know we know sensible things before things that cannot be sensed right and we know things material things before immaterial things now you can also talk about the order in which even the same thing is known right along this road so there's a lot to be said about the order let's look at aristotle's development of this right now animals are born and incidentally the word nature comes from what yeah birth right so you don't see that maybe with the word nature today in english because it comes from the latin right huh but with words like prenatal right postnatal right nativity might to the parish nativity of our lord means the birthday of our lord right but prenatal means before birth postnatal after right so it goes back to the idea of what birth right and there still talks about the word nature there in the fifth book of wisdom right the first meaning is birth then the source of the baby within the mother right then the source of not just birth but of any motion from within this nature and so on now the animals are born having sensation by nature from this memory does not arise in some of them what does arise in others and this is the very lowest kinds of life and because of this these are more prudent the ones who have what memory now that's reason what cicero says right now if you have memory of the past right to anticipate the future right now we had a cat in the house there and something was cooking on the stove remember one time and the cat what try to jump up there and her paws came down on the burner she fell on the floor she wasn't really in but she got along i never knew her to do that again never kind of jump in the stove again she she was more prudent right but if you had no memory you'd be no better off after having your your fingers be burnt right here you little kid you probably made some mistake like that you know maybe not quite as gross as but uh you didn't do that again right okay remember my friend jim going to the hospital for something and he was feeling pretty bad and he says don't worry whether you know enough to go to the hospital he says if you have this decision you'll want to go there so memory is something required as cicero says for prudence right incidentally what's the english word for prudence yeah yeah if you look at thomas's uh uh discussion of prudence right and people object to the word saying well prudence is foresight and that's only one part of prudence so why do what's the chief party says right now my good friend uh warren murray says uh some things of that burquist he says you know you don't criticize you don't criticize dougus macarthur you don't criticize winston churchill well winston churchill like burquist uses the word what foresight for prudence right but actually comes in the latin word for foresight yeah yeah providentia right providence is one of the parts integral parts of uh prudence but it's of its premise it gets named for the whole right okay and because of this these are more what prudent huh now it's all right and more easily taught than those unable to remember. Have you ever tried to teach a dog or something? Some dog or another. The cat, you put them down in the box there so they'll go to their bathroom, right? I told you how great this cat we had was. We had a box downstairs and one time the door had been closed and the cat couldn't get to its box. You know where she went for her wee wee? She jumped in the bathtub there and went over the drain. I said, that was very, that was very prudent. That was a great cat, you know. I told you instead, you've got to admire that cat. She was smart, you know. Now those unable to hear sounds are more prudent without learning, right? Now, you know, it's touching upon the fact that the sense of hearing is in a way the sense of what? Learning, right? And words are originally what? Sounds, not written like this, right? And I guess when you train a dog, you respond to certain sounds, right? They talk about how many sounds a dog can remember or something, you know. There's all kinds of studies like that. But the bees don't apparently react to sounds. I've observed them enough to know that. But whatever other kind of animal is such, huh? Whatever had the sense in addition to memory is able to learn, that means to learn from somebody else, right? I always hear Thomas quoting, you know, St. Paul's, Fides ex auditu, right? Faith is from hearing, right? So it's very important. How do you believe unless someone talks? It's to hear, right? What was I reading about? Bernard, do you know, there in Siena? Apparently he could talk to—I found a microscope. My mic was a microphone. He could talk to 30,000 people, a crowd, and they could hear him, right? Wow. And apparently his voice was so developed, right? Bernard, yeah. Bernard, yeah. Yeah, Bernard, yeah. He was quite a talker. A preacher, yeah. Yeah. And I know when I was in Quebec there, you know, one of the students there had been taught, you know, to sing, you know, you could sing opera, you could sing a Mozart aria, right? But his voice had been trained, you know, by somebody who understood the voice, and he had tremendous power, you could get it without using these things. And I guess the Dominicans were having trouble with their monks coming back from giving these retreats, or giving these missions, I should say, in the parish, and they lost their voice, you know. And so they're trying to, you know, get these guys to really understand their voice, and there are very few, you know, to instruct them. And apparently there are muscles we use, you can use them in your tongue, but we don't use them normally. But you can be taught to do them, and then you can get tremendous, what, power, right? They said that Padre Pio, he was never preached, but he could see it as well. He had the voice, and then preached. He had a very deep, spiritual voice that he didn't talk. Yeah, yeah. You know, they used to see the Greek orators that, you know, put stones in their mouths and go down and talk at the ocean there, you know, until they developed these things, right? But you had to have, you know, to extend your voice, right? Without screeching like Hillary, you know? It's an awful voice to hear that. I used to say the most horrible voice I heard of a woman is a landlady in Quebec, you know, yelling down the stairwell, you know, and they had two of these things. It sounds awful. Now, it says the other animals live by images and what? Memories, right? But they share little in the experience. Because the experience involves a bringing together of many memories of the same thing, and that's already kind of a partaking of reason, right? To bring together individuals rather than universals, but still to bring things together. They sometimes call that practical. I mean, you know, the first reason or something, you know? Not the universal reason. But the race of men live by art and reasonings, right? And the art now, of course, is where you have definite steps that you follow, right? And reasoning, you might not have this to begin with, right? Until you have the art of logic a bit, right? Okay? The human race lives by art and reasoning, so. And they can kind of transition to what is more private to man, right? Than the other animals. But again, you see another step here, right? Sensing memory, that's the first two steps, right? Experience comes to be from memory in men. That's the third step now, experience. That's why I said to the students, you know, if you've had one date with one girl in your life, are you a man of experience with a woman? No, no. You probably remember it, right? Because it was a big deal. I am more. Yeah. If you had many dates with many women, you're a man of experience, right? So, experience comes to be from memory in men. For many, memories are the same thing, right? The same kind of thing, like a woman. Perfect the power of one, what? Experience. And experience seems to be very much like science and art, huh? It's a very interesting thing that Aristotle is saying here. For science and art come to men to experience, huh? Now, science and art are understood as involving some knowledge of the universal, right? And he quotes now from a character in one of Plato's dialogues. For experience makes art, as Polis says, right? Speaking rightly, but in experience, chance. That's beginner's luck, right? Art comes to be whenever one universal understanding about like things comes to be from the many things kept in mind by experience. And this is like the fourth step, right? Sense, memory, experience. And now, the beginning of knowledge that, since we don't really share it. Knowledge of the universal, right? Large discourses, Shakespeare says, right? A discourse about the universal, huh? Now, Aristotle was the son of a, what, medical doctor, right? And his father was highly regarded, huh? He was in the court of, what, Macedon, right? And that's where Aristotle later on got to be known, I guess, to the court, right? And he became the teacher of, what, Alexander the Great. In addition to Aristotle's work on the poetic art, what they call the poetics in English, he wrote a book on Homer for Alexander, right? And so when Alexander conquered the world, so to speak, he kept a copy of Homer by him, right? Inspiring, right? So Aristotle's dialogue, too, has been lost on, what, poetry, huh? And, you know, we have kind of a wrong idea, you know, of Aristotle and Plato. I mean, Plato's, what's come down to us are his dialogues, but not his, what, lectures. Aristotle, we have his lectures, but not his dialogues, huh? The dialogues have been lost, but there are fragments of them, right? So, the most famous fragment is from this last dialogue on, it's kind of the introduction of philosophy, right? And the dialogue goes something like this. Either you ought to philosophize, or you ought not to philosophize. What do you say? Well, if you say you ought to philosophize, then you better do so, right? If you say you ought not to philosophize, you're going to have to philosophize to show why not. So in the case, you must philosophize, right? That must have been a very clever thing, right? Sure. And so I sometimes try to imitate the Master there, right, in my own little way. And I say, is it necessary, huh, to understand the word necessary? Well, if you say it is necessary to understand the word necessary, you better understand that word. If you say it's not necessary, you have to understand the word so. If you say it's not necessary. If you say it's not necessary. it's not necessary so you must understand the word necessary right and aristotle is beautiful book five yeah unnecessary right and i was mentioning to i think just you or somebody um just looking at it recently and at the end of the thing in there he talks about the first cause as being most necessary right and then concluding he therefore must be most simple i was kind of struck you know because my teacher thomas aquinas there in theology when he shows that god exists right one of the arguments is from necessity right but then the first thing he takes up about god that he's entirely what simple if god was not simple but put together he wouldn't be necessary to be at least not necessary to be through himself right now he needs a way to put them together yeah so he's the beginning yeah he must be right all together the simple i said what a marvelous mind this guy had you know i always think of one passage that thomas said he's common aristotle and some of the aristotle seems kind of strange that he's staying there you know thomas christ right away says so great a philosopher and so great a subject would not say anything silly you know anything foolish or anything you know let's try to understand it you know that's kind of amazing thing so her style was saying was the son of a medical doctor right so he often uses things from medical art right and like in the ethics there i think i mentioned this to you people um he says that some people ethics is not studied for its own sake right it's to tell you what to do right to learn what to do so a man who doesn't want to live by reason he says is a useless here of ethics right because the end or purpose is to do right to do what is reasonable right he's like a man he says who who listens to medical advice but doesn't act upon it right i always take my example there jim there jim was a smoker you know and uh his lung collapsed right and they inflate the lung again right doctor said stop smoking and jim would not what stop so i think yeah i think you know they had a heart if my lungs collapsed and you know i mean it's like it's just like a heart attack it's in the field or something like that and uh he was a useless here of medical advice then right you know you know so you know makes a comparison right now you're uh somebody says are useless here of ethics because they don't have the experience necessary to understand these things you know you're too young right they can't understand it but others are useless here because the purpose is not to know but to do right and so here it takes example from medicine here right huh okay for to have in mind that this benefited callius that's an individual singular right when suffering this particular disease whatever it might be and it helped socrates and he was this right and in each case thus to many that belongs to experience right it's a collection of many memories right i remember you know it helped callius you know and it helped socrates and he had this and you know helped so and so so and so right that's experience but then it benefits all such as are marked by one condition that this is something now universal right and suffered this disease such as the phlegmatic or choleric suffering right the burning fever that belongs to art right so are we now in knowledge of the universal right so my son paul was very little he was sitting in a low high chair i'd often make popcorn around loontime right i'd show him the kernels and so on you know and then pop pop pop pop but i said i always wonder who's the first guy discovering the way of making popcorn right you know it might have been almost by chance right but you know all right let's try that again and see you know it's interesting what happened yesterday close the war in there you know pop pop pop pop you know my goodness you know now you've got a you know something about the art of making popcorn right yeah now i see my brother marcus being my one of my older brothers there huh we had a park in california he says now i'm going to do the meat and make the salad no excuse me yeah the salad yeah you were going to do the vegetables and make the french fries so i got to be really a great french fry maker right you know my mother came out to visit us you know like wait these are really good you know say i'm the best french fry maker in the thing but it took me a while to just to know it right and you know most you know most french fries you get in a restaurant are not worth eating you know you know they asked a famous chef who makes the best french fries McDonald's well they are they are McDonald's are the best french fries they're probably the ones i did in an inexpensive restaurant you know so uh but this is a question of what experience right okay now he's going to compare in this next paragraph at the bottom of page one he's going to experience compare experience and art right okay and as regards two things right one is as far as what doing is concerned the other is as far as what knowing right he's going to say the man of experience is not necessarily inferior to man of art in doing something in fact he might actually do better right then okay okay as far as doing is concerned experience does not seem to differ at all from art but we even see that the experience exceeding more than those having reason without what the experience and what's the reason for this he says the cause is that experience is a knowledge of singular while art is of what universals but everything done and made is something what singular right for the doctor does not cure man in general except accidentally right someone who happens to be a man but he cares callius or socrates or some other individual of those who happens to be a man right okay i used to take you know i said suppose you get a uh guy who's been down in the u.s senate like lbj was down in the u.s and uh and you take a professor of political philosophy or political science right now who knows the different kinds of government you know knows the difference between the american government and and the british government you know and so on so on so on who's going to be better at getting a bill through the senate the man's been down there you know 10 20 years in the u.s senate you know and uh so if you want to get through the u.s senate you know which is individual senate right with its own peculiarities and people he's going to succeed better right for example is to use right another example i used to use was um take a psychologist right who might know the different kinds of mental disease and so on that sort of stuff right and uh but if you know somebody right um in some individual right like maybe one of your children let's say right or your spouse or one of your friends right huh if your friend or your spouse or your your child is um depressed let's say right uh who might get him or her out of their depression better you or the psychologist yeah because you know your individual what friend right then and you're not curing man or woman of uh depression but your son or your daughter or your friend or your spouse or whatever right i think that's a good example right to see that i was depressed you say well give him a bottle of wine and put some mozart on but you don't have to suggest right now something that would distract them you know from their from their depression right so the man of experience as far as doing might even succeed better than the man of art or science huh you But as far as knowing is the way that the man of art excels the man of experience Not so much in knowing universal though. Maybe there's something there, right? But Aristotle's gonna go on and says the man of art or science asks why is something so, right? So the bottom of page one is someone has reason without experience and knows universal But not does not know the singularness he many times makes a mistake in medical treatment, right? For it's more the singular that is what tweeted and that probably came from his experience with his father, right? No, his father would have Mentioned this on down the next paragraph. He's talking about what the man of art or science has Nevertheless, we think that knowing and understanding belong more to art and experience And we hold that the artists are wiser than the experience So that wisdom follows knowledge and all as if wisdom is more concerned with what knowing the doing Dividing men into the thinker the doer and the maker The wise man is the thinker, right? So that wisdom follows knowledge and all now he gives the reason why this is so right This is because they know the cause Well, the others what do not the experienced know that it is so But do not know why it is so right? But these know why it is so in the cause, right? I'm not saying that you can have art without the experience, though Well, you're not saying you can do that. You've got to have some experience, right? You have to have some experience Yeah, yeah As far as doing something and just to help some individual, right? The man who has more experience of this individual, right? Is more able maybe to help him, right? Than the man who just knows what universal is from seeing men in general, right? But the man of art tries to know why something is so, right? Why the man is what? Sick, right? It's just like woodworking It's one thing to draw a picture of what you're going to do Yeah It's another thing to work with wood It doesn't work the way lines come on paper Yeah, yeah Somebody sees some of these seem to be distinguishing a man of experience from a man of art As if you can have a man of art who doesn't have experience No, he doesn't have experience But he's saying the man of experience of some individual, right? Like my example there, right? Of the man who's got, you know, 20 years experience at the U.S. Senate, right? He knows more how to get a bill through the Senate than a political scientist does, right? But the political scientist might know more why governments change and why, you know, they fail and so on, right? And maybe the opposite of what you're saying is that you presume that art would experience that experience doesn't necessarily mean I guess they experience in some degree So, I mean, the man of art with the little experience Yeah But the man of art is trying to see why the universe is so, right? Okay It's like the geometer wants to know why the triangle in general, right? It's going to have its interior angles to the right angles, right? And he's going to do this from In doing this and discovering why it is so He's going to be wiser than the man who might know this from What? The Egyptian who knows this, isn't it? Like the Greeks, yeah The Greeks seem to be wiser than the Egyptians, right? The Egyptians might know some of these theorems of geometry from, what, experience But they don't know why they are so, right? I take the example in class there I'm a tea drinker, which I may probably know And you leave the tea leaves in contact with the water, say, roughly around four minutes, right? Now they get, you know, very precise there If you get the Upton tea, you know, things, you know Three minutes and 40 seconds for this tea, right? But I just, you know, set the thing for four minutes and then, you know Okay But now, I know that if you leave it in for 10 minutes or like that You get a bad tasting tea, right? I know it by experience, right? From many cups, right? Because you get, you know, distracted And you don't pour it when you should, right? And, um But why does it get bad tasting, right? See? Well, some dummy like me might say, you know It gets too strong, I guess, I don't know But it's too loud tasting You know? Well, chemists explain, you know, that Different chemicals are released at different times, right? It takes them to be released into the water And so the chemicals that are released, say, at 10 or 15 minutes Are different than the ones that were released in the first four minutes Because it was just stronger, you could dilute it, you know, and it would be no problem, right? You know? But it's a different character Oh my gosh How much wiser he is to not You know? I can testify See? That Dr. Berkowitz has learned from me He served the cup of tea for the summer And I must admit, I never had such a good cup of tea Thank you, sir I know where to go I hate him if I can say that I know where to go to get a good cup of tea He's got to have the right knees, though, you know Yeah, they've got to get that chemo, whatever The chemo man is Now you see, he's hinting now, you see If the wise man is going to be, what? Coming at the end of our knowledge, right? But not at the end of our doing, right? Okay And so he's approaching this, right? Wisdom is going to be a knowledge of the universal But a knowledge of what? Why these things are so, right? And the fact that the man of art is Superior to the man of experience as far as knowing Is kind of going to lead us to understanding what wisdom is, right? It's going to be a knowledge of causes But ultimately of the, what? Very first cause, right? Okay And he's going to develop this as he goes on Experience know that it is so But do not know why it is so, right? But these know why it is so Which is know the, what? Cause, right? Now he develops this a little bit more, right? Whence also we think that the chief artists about each thing Are more honorable and know more And are wiser than the handicraftsmen Because they know the causes of the things made, right? Now I'll take an example of this chief The generalist chief, right? Okay, now you guys are subordinate guys, huh? And I say, now peel those potatoes, okay? And I want them cut this way I want the potato, tonight I want the potato cut this way, okay? He said, we want to cut that way Just cut them that way, huh? In my father's factory there, huh? In the summer my brothers and I would work there in the factory, right, huh? And I was the youngest brother, see? So I'd be under my brother, Mark, you know And he'd tell me to do something And I'd say, why, Mark? And he says, just do it, he says He would explain why But he's the chief artist, right, huh? He knows why I should do it this way, you know And I just do it like a dumb animal, you know Do it the way he tells me to do it, right, huh? He's talking about the difference between the chief artist and the other one, right? And like in the military, right, huh? You know, we've got Douglas MacArthur, right, huh? He knows why it should be done this way rather than that way, right, huh? And the guy below might not even realize why it should be done, right, huh? But now is the time to attack, right, huh? And he knows why it should be done now, right? So you can go to the chief artist, right, huh? He knows why they should be there, right? But the lower worker, right, just knows he's got to put it there, right? So this is kind of an expansion upon the fact that the man of art is wiser than the man of experience, right? But among the artists, the chief artist, right, more than the Whence also we think that the chief artists about each thing are more honorable and know more and are wiser than the handicraftsmen, right? Because they know the causes of the things made, huh? That's the word architect comes from the idea of the chief artist, right? That's the word architect, right? That's the word architect, right? That's the word architect, right? That's the word architect, right? That's the word architect, right? That's the word architect, right? That's the word architect, right? That's the word architect, right? That's the word architect, right? That's the word architect, right? That's the word architect, right? inanimate things they make but they do not know what they make as fire burns inanimate things make each of these by a certain nature while the candy craftsmen do custom hence the chief artists are wiser not by doing but by having a reason and knowing the what causes i remember down my father's factory there there was a man who was the man to have there when they started a new procedure and he'd come over and he'd start the new procedure and show the guys what to do and then they start doing it right and then they can continue doing it right then he goes on to the next thing's got to be started father said i gotta pay that guy much more than the other guys because he was he he's like the chief artist right huh you see the other guys they just they can't figure out how to do it right but he showed them how to do it and what's to do it then okay but then they're kind of like inanimate things you know yeah yeah yeah that makes sense right i had a beautiful example from uh one of the sisters there at the parish there you know we had more sisters and i was my kids were in the school there and this sister was uh teaching the first grade right now and i guess sometimes you get uh mothers or or women who are some leisure to come in and help right now okay now the example she gave i know it was kind of interesting because even i could understand it um you learn how to print before you learn how to write okay now how do you make a c well you could make it like this or you could make it like this you follow me okay now to the average person right doesn't make any difference what you do right okay but she would have the assistant make sure that they make the c from the top and not like this just make sure that they do it from the top right okay now why is the reason for that see yeah you're going to go on to the right eventually so when you're ready to tap but you do like this then you got to come down yeah it's all yeah yeah okay i'm a beautiful example you know and uh and she was like she goes out you know i know myself i said you know i don't think i have enough patience you know to teach kids how to run so i mean that that's a good example she's the chief artist and the other one is the subordinate artist right and she doesn't know why she's supposed to make sure they do that just make sure they do that right you need someone there to make sure everybody's doing it right you know you can't you know every time you do it make sure they're doing it right you know but she doesn't know why who's wiser this is great this kindergarten she was wiser isn't that right now if you look at thomas's uh premium to uh the uh my favorite book the summa country gentiles right you see how he uses what aristotle says right here he's interesting what is wisdom right what is the office the wise man so on he's imitating his master here hairstyle right on the whole he says the sign of knowing is the ability to what teach and because of this we think that art is more reasoned out knowledge than what experience that's the way i translate sometimes episteme reasoned out knowledge for the artists are able to teach while the others are what not able right now so you might know from experience that something is so but if someone asks you why is it so i don't know just do it that way right you know and uh so i'm not really able to what to teach right you know you can't answer why this should be done this way you're not really fully able to teach right yeah yeah right we're taking a little bit of french course you know and and uh why the french speak this way you know just take it you know why these are you know this way yeah i mean you know in latin there you know you can put the what the noun before the verb i mean the adjective right but we will put the adjective before right so we might say you know a a white man they'd say a man white i don't know why i don't know there's any reason for that but the english language right i told you the lingus we know of all there you know he maintained that english language is the greatest invention of the human mind that's pretty pretty good saying for the english language huh monsignor diane and father boulet always said the english language was better than french for philosophy and for poetry and the greek is better than latin and so one sign of the excellence of thomas was he could think so well in latin he had an inferior language right to work in right yeah so we are started the greek language so on the whole the sign of knowing his ability to teach and because of this we think that art is more reasoned out knowledge and experience for the artist able to teach whether they're not able you can explain why this should be so and the sign there further we think that no one of the senses is wisdom although they're the chief ways of knowing what singular is right but they do not say that why it is so about anything right such as why fire is hot but only that it is hot right this tastes good huh why does it taste better now than last night why couldn't it too much last night they cook out the flavor of the steak and it cooked too much now he goes to something that's even more difficult as you go along right he's going to talk about the more practical arts and the more speculative arts it is probable that the first one finding any art beyond the senses common to all was admired by men right not only because some of the things found were useful but also as wise and distinguished from what others huh these painters you know they know how to what have perspective you know one thing i always admire in the painters is how well i'll give you an example here i first came to worcester there as renting a room you might say and uh in the houses you know divided into rooms and rent it out and uh so gotta have a little something in there so i was down the bookstore downtown worcester there and they had these prints you know beautiful venice scenes right now so i'll put these up on the wall you know well i've been putting my stockings up in the morning or something like that i look over at the at the thing i noticed that whether i looked from this side of my room on that side of my room i was looking right down the thing how the heck can you do that right and some um painters they can draw the eyes right so they seem to what follow you around right and uh watch my friend washington irving you know talks about you know the servants you know something you know strange about that painting over there because his eyes follow you you know like it's alive or it's not funny you know but that's really you know you kind of admire that don't you know and the first guy that made beer or wine you know in martin not only because it's useful what he made but but because you know he seemed to be you know how'd you discover that you know how'd you you know seem to be wiser right huh okay i was trying to get the the wonder